Hopsital acquired infection

HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTION  

INTRODUCTION - Hospital acquired infection or nosocamial infection in this of  type    infection are acquired in hospital during health care facility provided by health care worker  and      infection acquired in the hospital but appearing after discharge something 30 days.  mostly hospital acquired infection is caused by virus, bacteria, fungi and pathogen this is most common type of urinary tract infection (UTI) respiratory tract infection. nosocamial infection the word nosocamial comes     from the greek  word the word greek is made by to word first is nosus it means disease and second word is komeion it means to take care of also called hospital acquired infection or nosocamail   infection 

definition 

"the nosocamail infection or hospital acquired infection is defined as which infection acquired  during patient admission and provide health care facility and they appear 48 hr more after hospital admission or within 30 days after discharge" .

"nosocamail infections are the infection which develop during hospitalization and which not present at the  time of admission to hospital"  

 FACTOR RESPONSIBLE FOR ( HAI ) 

1. CROWDED HOSPITAL CONDITION 
2. MICROORGANISM 
3. INCREASING NUMBER OF PEOPLE WITH COMPRESSED IMMUNE SYSTEM 
4. INCREASING BACTERIAL RESISTANCE 

   MODE OF TRANSMISSION 

there are some main mode of transmission 

1. contact 
2. droplet 
3. air born
4. vector born 
5. common vehicle 
6. body fluids
7. dust 

1. contact - direct contact means contact with infected material ,direct or indirect and transfer microorganism one person to another person through the touche, kiss, sex ect. and indirect cont. with 

wearing infected clothe and use some infected material .

2.droplet - this type of mode generated during coughing, sneezing, speaking and other respiratory procedure.it means inhalation of droplet form infected person lead to respiratory infection in hospitalized patient 

3. air born - infection caused by inhalation of air (O2) it means infection cause  by air 

4.vector born - vector born transmission  though insects and other invertebrates animal such as mosquito and fleas 

5. common vehicle  - transmitted by a contaminated material indirectly with infection 

6. body fluids - through semen, vaginal, secretion ,milk, saliva, sweat, etc. 

7. dust - dust from floors bedding  dispersed wound dressing and skin by natural shedding of skin scales to the susceptible site of body

TYPES OF HOSPITAL INFECTION   

1. Urinary tract infection 
2. respiratory tract  infection 
3. digestive tract infection 
4. wound and burn 

1. Urinary tract infection - catheter or other instrumentals into the bladder may cause urinary tract infection . used catheter are difficult to sterilized and may be causes of cross infection 

2. respiratory tract  infection - aspiration in unconscious patient and pulmonary ventilation or instrumentation may lead to nosocamail infection 

3. digestive tract infection - this type of infection generated during the take contaminated food and not maintenance hygiene .   

4. wound and burn - it is important to remove all tissue debris from accidental wound and burn as bacteria can establish more easily in damage tissue  

      

PREVENTION AND CONTROL 

1. sterilization 
2. isolation 
3. hand washing
4. wear gloves 
5. wear apron

thank you  for reading 

                                                                                                                                                   

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