Morphology of bacteria in microbiology subject for nurses

morphology of bacteria -

the study of bacteria we are called morphology but before study of morphology we need to understand anatomy of bacteria -- 

1 cell wall of bacterial cell 
The cell wall is the layer of bacterial cell.cell wall cover the internal organ of cell it is think strong and relatively rigid. mostly cell wall of bacterial cell consist of disaccharide and amino acid give the structure and support of the bacterial cell wall.bacteria are divided into two group according to their cell wall structure. the two group of bacteria is gram positive and gram negative.

gram positive gram negative

gram positive bacteria -in gram positive bacteria cell wall is consist of mostly to type of contain peptidoglycan and teichoic

1. Peptidoglycan
it is help to consist cell wall of gram positive bacteria they are present in gram positive cell wall. it is thinker and stronger than those negative bacteria

2. Teichoic 
In addition the cell walls of gram positive bacteria contain teichoic acids

Gram negative cell wallThe gram negative cell wall is structurally quite different from that of gram positive cell it consist of peptidoglycan and lipoprotein and outer membrane consist and lipopolysaccharide

1 peptidoglycan layerIt is bonded to lipoprotein covalently in the outer membrane and plasma membrane and plasma membrane and is in the periplasmac a gel such as fluid between the outer membrane and plasma membrane.

2.Lipoprotein--Lipoprotein attached to the peptidoglycan and outer membrane

3 . Outer membrane
the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria external to the peptidoglycan and attached to it by lipoproteins is the outer membrane.

4. lipopoysacchsride- 
lipopoysacchsride mainly consist of LIPID A , polysaccharide and O polysaccharide. lipopoysacchsride is attache to the LIPID A , O polysaccharideis known as antigen different between gram positive and gram negative bacteria.

2.cytoplasm 
Cytoplasm is known as plasma membrane , plasma membrane present in both type of bacteria gram positive and gram negative. the function of plasma membrane to transport molecule or basic requirement of cell. cytoplasm or plasma membrane help to transport nutrition into bacterial cell. because the nature of plasma membrane  semipermeable the nature of plasma membrane help to transport nutrition and it should be provide  help to generating chemical  energy and help in cell motility. the plasma membrane contains specific attachment sites for chromosomes and for plasmide that vital role at the time of cell division,plasma membrane act as a different semipermeable barrier regulating the flow of materials in and out of cell. it contain various enzyme involved in respiratory metabolism and in synthesis of cell wall septum and formation, membrane synthesis and DNA replication.the plasma membrane consist of phospholipids from bi-layer in which most protein are firmly held called integral which can be only remove by destruction of of membrane     

3. flagella -  
flagella are long helical filamentous organs of locomotion that arise from plasma membrane and pass out through the cell wall. they are 10-20 nm diameter and 3-20 μm long and are found on gram positive and gram negative bacterial cell wall. the location of flagella in bacterial cell wall depend on bacterial species.the most important function of flagella it help to bacterial movement.
     

MORPHOLOGY -

the morphology means study of size , shape and structure of microorganism. it help to understand structure of microorganism and its help to identify different types of bacteria and identify the disease caused by microorganism.morphology has help to nursing student study of microorganism.most of the bacterial size is 0.5μm (0.2 - 2.0) in diameter and 2-8 μm long bacteria are present in different size and shape.

definition - 
"morphology is the branch of science which are deal with bacterial size,shape,structure and arrangement that is called morphology."

classification of bacteria according to their size shape and arrangement -

1.size
2.shape and arrangement

1.size - the unit of measurement in bacteriology is the micrometer μm bacteria are generally measure in 0.5μm (0.2 - 2.0) in diameter and 2-8 μm long. some method are used for examination of bacteria.example staining.

2. shape and arrangement - bacteria are present in different type coccus, bacillus ,vibrios ,spirilla, filamentous etc. generally bacteria size and structure are not seen with simple microscopy so use of light microscopic

    A.coccus -  coccus is the bacteria, any bacteria are present in the round shape they are called coccus. coccus are present in different type of structure and size.


1.coccus - this type of bacteria present in round shape and size is 0.25 to 1.25 μm which bacteria are present in single cell we are called coccus. types of coccus
single cell bacteria is called micrococcus or momococcus

2. coccus arranged in pair called diplococcus. diolococcus are responsible for causes disease such as pneumonia, meningitis and gonococci

3. streptococcus are arranged in chain shape this is responsible for causing sinusitis , tonsillitis.

4. coccus arranged in group of four called tetrad


5. coccus are arranged in bunches shapes called staphylococcus. staphylococcus responsible for causing pimples small wound on skin

6. sarcina or cuboid arranged in group of eight


Baccillus - they are the road shape bacteria 1.5 um types of bacillus

1. only single cell of bacillus is called microbacillus. microbacillus caused disease like tuberculosis and typhoid

2. bacillus arranged in pairs is called diplobacillus

3. streptobacillus are arranged in chain shape

4. palisade are arranged in bundle shape

5.Vibrios - they are comma shaped bacteria

6.spririlla - they are curved and several spirals shape

7.filamentous - they are branched shape bacteria

important of bacterial cell morphology 

• the study of bacterial cell morphology help to understand bacterial size and shape. 
• it provide knowledge related to different type of bacterial cell.
• it help to treatment of disease 
• its help to diagnosis of disease 
• it help to prevention and control of disease
• morphology help to nursing student understand bacteria 

summary   
morphology means study of bacterial size shape and structure and morphology deal with the study of bacterial size, shape and arrangement. we are study in morphology different type of bacteria such as coccus, bacillus. the morphology provide complete knowledge about bacteria.

   

     

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