What is biomedical waste, management and treatment of biomedical waste

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Bio medical waste management 

INTRODUCTIONS ;   

According to (WHO) world health organization 85% hospital waste in non hazardous and 10% is infectious and 5% is non infectious  but consist of hazardous chemical like methylchloride. bio medical waste means any solid and liquid waste which is generated during health care facility such as immunization ,diagnosis, treatment or waste generated in research activity this type of waste responsible for transform in any type of life.

DEFINITION OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTE 

according to ACC bio medical rules 1998 of india

          

bio medical waste means any waste which is generated during the diagnosis ,treatment or immunization activity of human beings or animal or research activity that is called bio

medical waste.
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source of bio medical waste 

1. Government hospital
2. privet hospital 
3. nursing home 
4. immunization center 
5. blood bank 
6. pathology lab
7. primary health care center 
8. dentist clinics 
9. production units
10. physician clinics  

     type of bio medical waste 

mostly bio medical waste  divided into three type this are following  

1. infectious waste
2. harmless waste
3. non infectious waste

1. infectious waste - infectious waste meas removed human or animal tissue at surgery , biopsy , pathological product and liquid waste generated during the treatment in hospital ,clinic ect. this types waste is easily transfer one person to another .infectious waste inter into the human body due to any injury or intake of contaminated food .

2. harmless wast -   harmless waste means which waste generated in hospital but they are not harmful for human life that is called harmless wast 

3. non infectious waste - these may be toxic or inflammable reaction and injurious like radioactive and pharmacological waste.

objectives of bio medical waste

1. control infection disease which is generate with bio medical waste 

2. minimize the volume of waste 

3. prevent the harm result of waste 

4.control the cause of death which due to cause by bio medical waste 

bio medical waste management 

 bio medical waste manage according to type of waste 

• reduction 
• segregation
• storage and transport 

1.reduction-  reduction of waste in volume can be achieved  by proper planning and using  reusable items 

2.segregation  it means separation  of bio medical waste at the point of generation some method use to separation of bio medical waste these is color coding 

1.  yellow beg - infectious waste like bandage, gauzes, cotten  or any other things in contact with body fluids and human body parts placenta.
2.  red beg -plastic waste such as catheter injects ions syringes,tubing i.v. bottles 
3. blue beg - all type of glass bottles and broken glass articles 
4. black beg - needles without syringes,blades,and metal articles 

3. storage and transport -the segregation waste in storage and transport is to be put into different colored containers as proscribed in the rules for necessary  treatment

   

treatment of bio medical waste

after the storage and transportation of waste most  necessary   how to treat the bio-medical waste it is most important in bio-medical waste management. the treatment of bio medical wast management completed into following steps 

1. technological option of treatment 
2. minimization of waste 

1 technological option of treatment

      1. biological process 

      2. chemical process

      3. thermal process

      4. mechanical process 

1 . biological process-  
Biological  enzymes  are  used  for  treating  medical  waste.  It  is  claimed  that  biological reactions  will  not  only  decontaminate  the  waste  but  also  cause  the  destruction  of  all the  organic  constituents  so  that  only  plastics,  glass,  and  other  inert  will  remain  in the  residues.

2. chemical process- 
These processes use chemicals that act as disinfectants. Sodium hypochlorite, dissolved chlorine dioxide, peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, dry inorganic chemical and ozone are examples of such chemicals. Most chemical processes are water-intensive and require neutralising agents.

3. thermal process - 
These processes utilize heat to disinfect. Depending on the temperature they operate, it is been grouped into two categories, which are Low-heat systems and High-heat systems. example autoclaving These processes utilize heat to disinfect. Depending on the temperature they operate, it is been grouped into two categories, which are Low-heat systems and High-heat systems.

4. mechanical process - 
These processes are used to change the physical form or characteristics of the waste either to facilitate waste handling or to process the waste in conjunction with other treatment steps. The two primary mechanical processes are .

Compaction - used to reduce the volume of the waste
Shredding - used to destroy plastic and paper waste to prevent their reuse. Only the disinfected waste can be used in a shredder.

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